Cyanotypes

Three cyanotype prints of white fern leaves on bright blue paper, pegged to a string line among the trees at Camp Kindling

CYANOTYPES

Lay out leaves and ferns, let the sun do the work and watch your paper turn a deep, dreamy blue. Science and art in one.

What are cyanotypes?

A cyanotype is a photographic print made with sunlight instead of a camera. Paper is brushed with a light-sensitive solution, then objects like leaves and flowers are laid on top and left in the sun. After a rinse in water, the uncovered areas turn a rich Prussian blue, while the shapes underneath stay pale, leaving a beautiful white silhouette.

Where do cyanotypes come from?

The cyanotype process was invented in the 1840s, which makes it one of the oldest ways of making a photograph. Soon after, the botanist Anna Atkins used it to record seaweeds and ferns, and her work is often called the first book illustrated with photographs. Later, architects and engineers used the same chemistry to copy their plans, which is where the word blueprint comes from.

How does cyanotype printing work?

The solution is made by mixing two iron-based chemicals, ferric ammonium citrate and potassium ferricyanide. It's brushed onto paper, card or fabric and left to dry somewhere dark. Next comes the fun part: arranging leaves, feathers, lace or other flat objects on the paper and setting it in the sun. Ultraviolet light starts a reaction in the chemicals. Rinse the print in water and the blue appears, then it deepens even more as it dries.

What makes a good cyanotype?

Flat objects with interesting outlines work best. Ferns, grasses, feathery leaves and petals are classic choices, and a walk in the woods is the perfect way to collect them. Press objects flat against the paper for crisp edges, or let them lift a little for softer, dreamier shapes. Cloudy days still work, as ultraviolet light gets through clouds, though prints take longer. Keys, buttons and other flat household objects make striking shapes too.

Are cyanotypes good for kids?

They're a wonderful way into science and art together. Children love hunting for leaves and choosing their designs, and the colour change feels a little like magic. There's no drawing skill needed and no wrong answer, so everyone ends up with something to be proud of. It's calm, creative and easy to try again at home, with shop-bought sun print paper and a sunny windowsill or garden.

FAQ

DO WE NEED ANY EXPERIENCE?

Not at all. Your Activity Leader explains each step, and there's no drawing skill needed.

ARE CYANOTYPE CHEMICALS SAFE?

Cyanotype chemicals are low risk when handled carefully, but they can irritate skin and eyes. Wear gloves when brushing on the solution, and wash your hands afterwards. Do not put brushes or fingers in your mouth, and do not let young children handle the chemicals without a grown-up.